The Speaker and the Dy. Speaker of Lok Sabha (LS)
- Speaker presides over the LS.
- The Speaker or the Dy. Speaker normally holds office during the life of the house but his office may terminate earlier.
- A Resolution to remove the speaker cannot be moved unless at least 14 days notice has been given for the purpose to the LS Sectt.
- The Speaker’s conduct in regulating the procedure or maintaining order in the House cannot be questioned in a Court.
- The Speaker presides over a joint sitting of the two houses of Parliament.
- The decision of the Speaker on whether a Bill is money Bill is final.
- When a money Bill is transmitted from the LS to the RS, the speaker may certify that it is a money Bill.
Chairman & Dy. Chairman of Rajya Sabha (RS)
- Vice –President of India
- When the Chairman acts as the President of India, the duties of the Chairman are performed by the Dy. Chairman.
- The Chairman can be removed from his office only if he is removed from the office of the Vice-President.
Money Bills & Finance Bill
A bill is called money Bill if it contains only provisions dealing with all or any of the followings:-
- The imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of any tax.
- The regulation of the borrowing of money by the Govt.
- The custody (to deposit) of & withdrawal from the Consolidated Fund or the Contingency Fund of India.
- The appropriation of money out of the Consolidated Fund of India.
Joint Sittings of Parliament:- The President can summon LS & RS for a joint sitting in case of disagreement between the two Houses in following ways:-
i) The Bill is rejected by the either House.
ii) The Houses have finally disagreed.
iii) More than six months have passed for the date of the reception of the Bill by the other House without the Bill being passed by it.
- The Speaker presides over the joint sitting. In the absence of Speaker, Dy. Speaker or Chairman of RS or Dy. Chairman of RS or a person chosen by the MPs may preside over the joint sitting.
Budget- The annual financial statement of the country is called Budget.
| Seats in RS/UTs | Nos. | | Seats in LS seats | Nos. |
| Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu | 18 each | | Andhra Pradesh | 42 each |
| | 03 “ | | | |
| | | | Tamil Nadu | 39 “ |
| Goa, Meghalaya, Mizoram, | | | | 42 “ |
| Gujrat, MP | 11 “ | | Jharkhand | 14 “ |
| | 19 “ | | | 40 “ |
| U.P. | 31 “ | | MP | 29 “ |
| | | | UP | 80 “ |
| | | | Karnataka | 28 “ |
Parliamentary Terms
Quorum- The minimum number of Members of the Legislature must be present to make the proceedings valid. The minimum strength required is equal to the 1/10 of the total number of Members of the Legislature including the Speaker.
Token Cut- It seeks that the amount of demand for grant to be reduced by Rs. 100. It is most widely used to voice the particular grievance for which the govt. of India
Three types of Cut Motions:- Token Cut, Policy Cut & Economic Cut.
Whip- Organising Secretary of a parliamentary party with authority over its Members to maintain discipline and secure attendance at parliamentary debates and voting.
Adjournment- is suspension of a Session everyday, for a few days over indefinitely at the discretion of the Speaker or the Chairman.
Prorogation :- it means the ending of a Session at the discretion of the President or the Governor.
Dissolution :- it is ending of the life of Legislature at the discretion of the President or the Governor.
Protem Speaker: - When the LS is summoned for the Ist time after the general election, the President appoints a Member of LS as the Protem Speaker, who is normally the senior most member. The Protem Speaker becomes in effective when new elected Members take oath and elect their Speaker.
Half & hour discussion :- It is arising out of the question already answered. It can be held in LS during the last half & hour on Monday, Tuesday & Friday. In RS it is held generally from 5 PM to 5.30 PM on any day allotted by Chairman. A Member wishing to raise such a question should give a written notice at least three days in advance.
Leader of the Opposition:- For the Ist time, Y.B. Chavhaan of Congress(I) was given the official status of Leader of the Opposition in the LS with the rank of a Cabinet Minister in 1977.
The Funds: -- All money received by or on behalf of the Government of India is credited to either the Consolidated Fund of India or the public accounts of India
Article -267 of the Constitution empowers Parliament and the Legislature to create a Contingency Fund for India
Extent of the powers of Rajya Sabha:-
(i) A Money Bill cannot be introduced in RS.
(ii) Though the RS can discuss, it cannot vote money for the public expenditure.
(iii) RS can create new all-India services if a Resolution with 2/3 majority is passed by it. (Art-312).
Executives of the State:-
The Governor : - The Governor of a State appoints by the President and hold this office at the pleasure of the President.
- To become a Governor a person should be over 35 years of age.
- There is no bar to a person being appointed Governor more than once.
Chief Minister and the State Council of Ministers
- CM is the head of the State Council of Ministers.
- The CM is appointed by the Governor.
- The other Ministers are appointed by the Governor on the advice/recommendations of CM.
- Any Person may be appointed as Minister but he must become Member of the Legislature within 6 months of such appointment.
- The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible for the Legislative Assembly.
- Individual Ministers are responsible to the Governor.
- Governor can dismiss a Council of Ministers or the CM only when the Council of Ministers has lost confidence of the Legislative Assembly and the Governor does not think fit to dissolve the Assembly.
The Advocate General
- Each State has an Advocate General corresponding to the Attorney General of India.
- He is appointed by the Governor of the State and holds office during the pleasure of the Governor.
- Only a person who is qualified to be a Judge of a High Court can be appointed Advocate General.
- He has the right to speak and to take part in the proceedings of the Houses of the Legislature of the State.
The State Legislature
- The States having two houses are Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra , U.P. & J&K.
- In the remaining States, the Legislature has the Legislative Assembly.
- For creation or abolition of Legislative Council, the Legislative Assembly of the State should pass a Resolution by a special majority followed by an act of Parliament.
- The size of the Legislative Council should be 1/3 of the Legislative Assembly but less than 40, except J&K has 36 Members.
Special Position of Jammu & Kashmir (J&K)
- The jurisdiction of the Parliament in relation to J&K is confined to the Union list and the concurrent list.
- Proclamation of Emergency under Art-352 has no effect in the State of J&K without the concurrence of the Government of the State.
- The Union has no power to suspend the Constitution of the State on the ground of failure to comply with the direction given by the Central Govt. under Art-365.
- J&K has its own Constitution made by a separate Constituent Assembly and promulgated in 1957.
- Directive Principals of State policy do not apply to the State of J&K.
- The Union has no power to make a proclamation of financial emergency with respect to the State of J&K under Art-360.
- The jurisdiction of the C&AG, Election Commission and the Special Leave Petition jurisdiction of the Supreme Court have been extended to J&K.
The Supreme Court (SC)
- Every Judge of the SC (High Court also) is appointed by the President of India.
- In appointment of the CJI(Chief Justice of India), President can consult such judges of the SC & the HC as he thinks appropriate.
- A person (Indian citizen) who has been, a HC Judge for at least 5 years or has been an Advocate of a HC for at least 10 years is eligible to become a Judge of the SC.
- No minimum age or fixed period of office is prescribed for appointment as a Judge of the SC. A Judge of the SC ceases to be so on attaining the age of 65 years.
Procedure for removal or impeachment of a Supreme Court Judge
- A Motion addressed to the President signed by at least 100 Members of the LS or 50 Members of the RS is delivered to the Speaker or the Chairman.
- The Motion is investigated by a Committee of two judges of the SC and distinguished jurist (Lawyer).
- If the Committee finds the judge guilty, report of Committee is considered in the House where the Motion is pending.
- If the Motion is passed in each House by majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than 2/3 of the Members(Minimum 126 Members) present and voting, the address is presented to the President.
- The only two judges namely Sh. R. Ramaswamy of SCI & Sh. Saumitra Sen, Kolkata High Court faced impeachment proceedings. The impeachment Motion against Shri R. Ramaswamy was not passed by Parliament (1991-93), while proceedings against Shri Sen are underway.
Jurisdiction of the SC is three-fold
1. Original
2. Appellate
3. Advisory
| No. | Name | Estt Year | Territorial jurisdiction | Seat |
| 1. | | 1866 | Uttar Prades | (Bench at |
| 2. | | 1862 | | (Bench at |
| 3. | Kolkata | 1862 | | Kolkata (Bench at Port Blair |
| 4. | Guwahati | 1948 | Aasaam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura, Mizoram, Arunanchal Pradesh | Guwahati (Bench at Kohima, Imphaal, Agartala & Shillong) |
| 5. | | 1862 | Tamil Nadu & Puducherri | Chennai |
| 6. | Punjab & Haryana | 1975 | | |
| 7. | Kerala | 1958 | Kerala & Laxdeep | Ernaculam |
The High Court (HC)
- The HC is the head of the judiciary in the State.
- Every judge of a HC is appointed by the President.
- A Judge of the HC can hold office until he attains 62 years of age.
- Salaries & allowances of the HC judges are charged on the consolidated Fund of the State.
General Awareness
- Human body contains 65 to 75% water.
- Compounds of Carbon & Hydrogen called Hydro Carbon.
- Sardar Baldev Singh was the first Defence Minister of India.
- The Chemical name of the Laughing Gas is Nitrus Oxide.
- Urea was the first organic compound used in the lab.
- Ethlene Glycol is used in cold areas to decrease the freezing point.
- Sodium is kept in Kerosene oil.
- Hydrogen peroxide is used for oil painting.
- Thalamus is the Centre of the pain, cold & heat.
(This part is in Human brain & also called Seriveram)
- The weight of Human brain is 1350 gms.
- Deficit Financing is a fiscal tools in the hands of the Government to bridge the gap between revenue receipt and revenue expenditure.
- At present the 11th Five Year Plan(2007-2012) is underway, which is prepared by Prof. C. Rangarajan.
- Prime Minister Gram Sadak Yojana was launched on 25.12.2000.
- Right to Information Act was implemented w.e.f 12.10.2005.
- Sh. C.V. Raman is the first Indian scientist who was awarded Noble Prize.
- Prithvi missile is the first Indian Missile.
- Everyday blood in the blood in the body of Human carries approx. 350 ltrs (97%) of oxgen to the cells of the body.
- Ashapurna Devi was the first woman to get Gyaanpeeth Award.
- The RBI was established on 01.04.1935.
- Sensex stands for sensitive index of Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE).
- BSE sensex is based on 30 Main Share Companies.
- Tech Mahindra bought Satyam Computers.
- First Indian woman Airline Pilot is Durga Benarjee.
- Article-51(A) contains fundamental duties.
- Luxamberg ville is the capital of Luxamburg.
- Port Luis is the Capital of Mauritius and its currency is rupee.
- Kolkata city is on the bank of Hoogli River
- Lahore Raavi River
Emergency provisions
- President can make proclamation of emergency under Article-352 in case of war, external aggression, armed rebellion or threat there of only on the recommendation of the Cabinet.
- The proclamation gets a fresh lease of 6 months from the date it is approved by both Houses of Parliament.
- During Emergency, the Union can give direction to any State regarding exercise of the executive powers.
- During emergency Parliament can extend the normal life of the LS for one year at a time not exceeding 6 months after the proclamation has ceased to operate.
- Normal life of LS was extended only once in 1976.
Effects of Emergency on Fundamental Rights
- Article-358 provides that the rights provided by Article-19 would be suspended.
- Article-20 and 21(Right to life) cannot be suspended during emergency.
- The first proclamation of Emergency under Art-352 was made by the President on Oct 26, 1962 , because of Chinese aggression.
- For the first time on June 25, 1975 proclamation of Emergency under Art-352 was made on the ground of Internal disturbance, but the ground of internal disturbance was eliminated by imposition of Emergency by a Constitutional Amendment.
- During Emergency under Art-352 the Centre does not get power to suspend the State Government.
- Proclamation of Emergency for Failure of Constitution machinery (Art-356), can be extended by Parliament upto 3 years.
General Awareness
- Naveen Chawla is the new Chief Election Commissioner.
- Mayurakshi Hydro Electro Project is in West Bengal .
- Nahar Katia oil refinery is situated in Aassam (Asom).
- The 8th Schedule of India Constitution of India relates to languages. It contains 22 languages.
- “Jarawas”, “Onges” & “Shampens” are the tribe of Andmaan & Nicobaar.
- Rail Coaches & Wagons are manufactured in Parampur, Chennai.
- “Yural” mountain range separates Asia & Europe in Russia
- Sh. B. Yedurrappa is the CM of Karnataka.
- River Narmada rises near Amarkantak, Chattishgarh.
- The 2nd largest river system of India-godavari next to the Ganga system.
- Agra
- Periyaar Wild life Sanctuary is situated in Kerala.
- Coal is an example of sedimentary rocks (made by the silts comes in the river’s bank).
- Aluminum is obtains from Bauxite.
- Wular lake is in J&K.
- Jyoti Basu has been served for the largest period as CM in India
- Haryana has no Schedule Tribes population.
- Jute Fibre is obtained from Stem.
- Light year is a distance traveled by light in one year. It is a measurement unit of astronomical distances.
- A solid sinks in a liquid if its density is greater than that of the liquid, if less if, floats.
- At the time of jumping out one has the same blosity as the moving train. At that time nuton’s first law of motion is applicable.
- Pyrometer is a devise for measuring high tempreture (Over 1000◦ C or so).
- Lord Curzon had introduced the Indian Universities Act-1904.
- Swami Vivekanand founded the Rama Krishan Mission. Original Name of Swami Vivekanand is Narender Dutt).
- Gopal Hari Deshmukh was known as LOKHITKARI.
- Partition of Bengal strabbed in 1911.
Election Commission of India
- The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed from his office only in a manner and on the grounds prescribed for removal of Judge of the Supreme Court.
- Other Election Commissioners can be removed by the President on the recommendation of the CEC.
- The EC has the power of superintendence, direction and conduct of all elections to Parliament and State legislatures and elections to the offices of the President and the Vice-President.
The Official Languages (Art-343)
- The official language of the Union is Hindi in Devnagri script.
- On commencement of the Constitution, English was to continue to be used till 1965.
- The official language Commission appointed in 1955 under Shri BG Kher (to review for continuation Or discontinuation of English as official language).
- A State legislature can prescribe the use of any language other than English for Bills and Acts passed by itself or subordinate legislation made there under.
- 22 languages are included in the 8th schedule of the Constitution of India.
- Maithili, Dogri, Bodo and Santhili were inserted by the 92nd Amendment Act-2003 of the Constitution.
ECONOMICS
- Mixed economy- Indian economy is a mixture of Public & Private sectors that is a mixed economy.
Important facts about Indian Economy
- The contribution of agricultural sector in the national income is 20%.
- The contribution of public sector in the Gross production (GDP) is less than 20%.
- Primary sector of Indian economy is agriculture and the related sectors.
- Secondary sector of Indian economy is related to industry, manufacturing, electricity etc. Its contribution to GDP is about 21.5%.
- Treasury sector is related to Business, transport, communication and services. Its contribution in GDP is highest (about 56%)
- The best indicator of economic development of any country is per capita income.
- The value of agriculture exports to total export of the country has been ranging between 15 to 20%.
- Agricultural and its related goods contribute about 38% in total exports of the country.
- The agricultural growth for the 10th Plan was 4% (Plan year 2002-07).
- Commercial crops are these crops which are produced for trade purpose and not for self consumption by the farmers. In includes oil seeds corps, sugar corps, fiber corps, Beverage corps (Tea, coffee) & narcotics corps etc.
General Knowledge
- Nirad C Chaudhary (An NRI) was conferred the title of the Honorary Commander of the British Empire in 1992.
- World Wide Web (WWW) is invented by Tim Bernerslee.
- ‘Indian Opinion’ was published by Gandhiji during his stay in S outh Africa .
- Liyaqat Ali joined the viceroy’s executive council in 1946 as Finance Minister.
- “Davos” the venue of the annual meeting of World Economic Forum, is located in Switzerland
- Angela Market is the Chancellor of Germany.
- K. Srikanth is the Chairman of Indian Cricket team selection Committee.
- ‘My Country my Life’ by L.K. Advani.
- ‘In the line of Fire’ by Pervez Musarraf.
- Tripura is the 2nd State in the north-east after Asom, where railway system is going to be operationalised.
- G-20 Summit is held in London
- A deep space network was set up at Bayalalu(Karnataka) by ISRO for launching Chandryaan-I.
- England India
- Zilur Rehman is the President of Bangladesh.
- NSG Commando Maj. Sandeep Unikrishnan & Gajender Singh Bisht were killed in terrorist attack in 26.11.2009.
- Jan Shree Bima Yojna has been launched NREGA for the welfare of labourers.
- Men’s Hockey world cup 2010 will be held in India
- Koshi River Bihar .
- After Gujrat, another NANO plant is likely to be established in Uttaranchal.
- 11 Persons were conferred Ashok Chakra in 2009(till April 2009).
- AR Rehmaan & Gulzar got the oscar award for the best song.
Agriculture & Land Development
- Agriculture is the main State of the Indian economy.
- The agricultural output depends on monsoon as 60% of area sown in is dependent on rainfall.
- 65-70% of the population is dependent on agriculture for their livelihood.
- The value of agriculture export to total exports of the country has been ranging between 15% and 20%.
- Agriculture and its related goods contribute 38% in total exports of the country.
- Commercial crops are those crops which are produced for trade purpose and not for self-consumption by the farmers. It includes oilseed crops, sugar crops, fiber crops etc.
- To encourage the agricultural products the Government announces minimum support price for important agriculture crops.
- The function of Agriculture Costs and Price Commission is to decide the Minimum Support Prices on behalf of the GoI.
- Minimum Support Price (MSP) is that price at which Government is ready to purchase the crop from the farmers directly if crops price falls below the MSP.
- The credit of Green Revolution in India
- The term Green Revolution is coined by Dr. William.
- India
- Speedy increase in the field of milk production is called White Revolution.
- To increase the pace of White Revolution the Operation Flood was started.
- The father of Op: Flood was Dr. Vargees Curian.
- Per Capita milk consumption is highest in Punjab (800 gms).
- The increase in oilseeds production was due to Yellow Revolution.
- The progress in increase of Fish production is called Blue Revolution.
- Aasaam is the biggest tea producers in the country.
- Karnataka is the largest producer of coffee in the country.
- India
GK
- Article-112 in Indian Constitution relates to provision of Budget.
- Article-116 in Indian Constitution relates to Vote on Account.
- Falcon is an under sea cable system for internet or intelligence activities.
- Discovery is the Space Shuttle.
- NALCO (National Aluminum Limited Company) is in Paraput, Orrisa.
- Ishwar Chand Vidhyasagar started “Som Prakash’ Newspaper.
- The Rowlett Act was the main reason of Jalianwala Bagh Massacre.
- Strait of Dover connects UK France
- Father of computer “Charles Bavage”.
- William Dickson is the father of “Motion Picture Film”.
- Raghu Rai is a well known photographer.
- Crooks glass cuts the ultra-violet rays.
- Steve Fossett is known for completing the longest non-stop flight around the world.
- Nathu La Pass is a trade route between India China Silk Route
- ‘Tura’ Handicrafts Centre is in Meghalaya.
- ‘The Future of India’ is written by Dr. Vimal Jalaan, he is now Member of RS.
- Mani Shankar Ayyer is the author of ‘confessions of a secular fundamentalist’.
- Dr. Amratya Sen is the author of ‘The argumentative Indians’.
- Chandra Prabha wild life sanctuary is in Varanasi
- Jaishmond wild life sanctuary is in Udaipur
- ‘Karera’ National Park is in Jhansi
- Vishupur is in Manipur.
- Huangpu River Shanghai China
- Participatory Notes are associated with foreign institutional investors.
- Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru drafted Resolution of fundamental Rights for the Karachi
- Mount St. Helena Island USA
- Maragua is the Capital of Nikaragua.
- Gandhi Sagar Dam is a part of Chambal River
- “Nassau
- Brass is an alloy of copper & Zink.
- Frog takes respiration by skin.
- Foot & Mouth diseases found in Cattle.
- Rhizobium bacteria helps in improving the soil fertility.
Agriculture
- Indian agriculture still depends upon monsoon.
- Agricultural production can be divided into two parts- foodgrains and non-foodgrains, in which the share of foodgrains is 2/3 and non-foodgrains is 1/3.
- Cashew nuts assume an important place in the Indian economy. India India
- India
- India
- India
- Chakbandi of land means to aggregate the divided & broken land.
- Chakbandi was implemented first time in India 1920 in Baroda
- Green revolution was started in the 3rd Five Year Plan.
- The most positive effect of Green Revolution was on wheat and there was 500% increase in wheat crops production.
- National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development (NBARD) was established on 12 July 1982 for providing credit facilities to the Farmers.
- In India
(i) Kharif Crops:- Sown in July & harvested in October. They include rice, cotton, sugarcane, soyabean, groundnutm, Jawaar-Bajara etc.
(ii) Ravi Crops:- Sown in Oct and harvested in March/April. They include wheat, gram, mustard and rapeseed.
(iii) Zayad Crops :- Sown during March to June. It includes Watermelons, vegetables etc.
National Income
- Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) makes the estimates of National Income.
- National Income can be define as the money value of all the final goods and services during a financial year(1st April to 31 March).
- Par Capita Income is derived by dividing the total national income of a country by its total population.
General Awareness
- The film ‘Slumdog Millionaire’ based on the Novel “Q & A’ is written by Shri Vikas Swarup.
- Shahrukh Khan is the owner of Kolkata Knight Riders.
- Sandeep Singh is the Captain of Indian Hockey Team.
- 20-20 World Cup 2010 will be held in West-Indies.
- Marti Ahtisari has been awarded Noble Peace Prize for 2008.
- Jodha-Akbar has got the award for the best Film in the 54th Filmfare Awards.
- Shri Arjun Singh is the HRD Minister of India
- Calcium is found in Plaster of Paris (PoP).
- Vitamin-C is water soluble.
- The Hqrs of Asian Development Bank is situated in Manila
- Petronas twin towers are located in Malaysia
- Damodar Valley Project is the first multi-purpose River Valley Project of Independent India.
- Bokaro Steel Plant (Jharkhand) was established with the help of Soviet Union .
- ‘Om Puri’ played a prominent role in the Hollywood film “The Ghost & the darkness”.
- Indira Gandhi Cup is associated with Boxing.
- Sharad Chandra Chattopadhaya is the author of the noval “Devdas”.
- Food & Agricultural Organisation (FAO) is in Rome
- ‘Ignited Mind’ is written by Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam.
- RBI was nationalized in 1949.
- Mahatama Gandhi declared his ultimate aim “to wipe out tears from every eye”.
- ‘Diet’ is the name of Parliament of Japan.
- Jai Prakash Narayan gave the concept of ‘Total Revolution’.
- First mid-term election were held in India_______________.
- ‘Smile Pinky’ has been awarded the Oscar award for the best short documentary film.
- The first National Forest Policy was issued in 1952.
- Preeti Zinta is the owner of Kings-11, Punjab .
- Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam has been awarded “Bharat Ratna” in 1997.
- Aaurangzeb defeated DaraSikoh in the battle of Samugarh to become Mughal King.
- Jawahar Lal Nehru is the author of “Glimpses of World History”.
- Mahaveer was a contemporary of Gautam Buddha.
- Alau-ddin-Khilzi captured Delhi
- When Babar invaded India
- Tipu Sultan died with fighting the English forces under Lord Wellesley.
- H5N1 is a Virus which causes bird-flu.
- H1N1 is a Virus which causes Swine-flu.
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP):- it is the money value of final goods and services produced in the domestic territory of a country during the accounting year.
- Gross National Product (GNP)- it is the total value of goods and services at market price produced in one year in a country including net income from abroad. (GNP= GDP + income from abroad)
- Net National Product (NNP) – It is the net value of goods and servicing at market price produced in one year in a country + income from abroad – depreciation. (NNP = GNP at Market Price + Depreciation.
- Factor Cost- Factor cost is the sum total of amount paid to four main factors of production that is land, labour, capital and entrepreneurship(profit).
Economic Planning: - ‘Planning’ in India
- In 1934 Dr. Vishveshwaraiya published a book “planned Economy for India
- ‘Gandhian Plan’ by Mr. ManNarayan in April 1944, followed by peoples Plan by M.N. Roy & Subsequently the ‘Sarvodaya Plan’ by Jai Prakash Narayan in 1950 were some of the initial steps taken for Economic Planning.
- After independence in 1947, the Committee on Economic Planning was Constituted under the Chairmanship of Jawahar Lal Nehru. On the recommendation of this Committee ‘Planning Commission’ was made in 1950.
- Planning Commission is non-constitutional & Advisory Body.
- Till now, 10- Five Year Plans have been completed. The period of 11th Five Year Plan is 2007-2012.
- In addition to five years Plans, Six one-yearly Plans were also made. These yearly Plans were made for the years 1966-1968, 1978-1980(rolling Plan) and from 1990-1992.
General Awareness
- Ronald Ross first described the life history of ‘Malarial Parasite Anophles(female Mosquito).
- Parimarjan Negi is a Chess player.
- “Benjamin Netanyahu” is the PM of Israel
- India
- RI-SAT (Radar Imaging Satellite) it is an intelligence satellite for keeping watch on country’s Border.
- Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, Speaker of LS and also became the President of India and elected unopposed.
- College of Defence Management
- ‘Dancing Beijing 2008 in Beijing
- Olive Riddley Turtles are found in Orissa.
- Lemon & Orange gives Vitamin-C and it water soluble Vitamin.
- The RS has the exclusive power to create an all-India Services.
- Rajkumari Amrit Kaur was the first Health Minister of India
- Legislative Assembly of one State can recommend abolition or creation of the Legislative Council in a State.
- King George-V visited India Delhi
- Dr. MS Swaminathan is the author of ‘Agriculture cannot wait’.
- CTBT is related to Nuclear weapon.
- Satender Nath Tagore was the first Indian Civil Services (ICS).
- According to hindu mythology Vishwakarma invented pottery.
- Ronaldinho was associated with football.
- Prof Mohammad Yunees is renowned in the field of ‘Micro Credit Concept’ (Gramin Bank of Bangladesh
- Madhavi Mudgil is associated with ‘oddisi Dancing’.
- Champion Hockey Trophy-2008 was won by Australia
- ‘Bodo’ language is spoken in Assam
- Dola Banergee is associated with archery(Bow-Arrow).
- Narayan Kartikeiyan is formula-1 car race driver.
- Exposure to sunlight helps a person to improve his health because the ultra-violet rays convert skin oil into Vitamin-D.
- Inside Trading is related to Share market.
- Month to Month rescescitation is advised as a first step to revive the functioning of human heart in case of sudden cardiac arrest.
Liberalisation- It is the process by which government control is relaxed or abolished.
Globalization- The process of amalgamation of an economy with world economy is called globalization.
Disinvestment:- To reduce the government share in the public sector is called disinvestment.
Devaluation:- It means lowering the official value of the local money in terms of foreign currency or gold.
Money market:- it is the market in which short-term funds are borrowed or lend.
Capital market:- it is the market for medium-term and long-term funds.
Balance of Payment (BoP):- it is a systematic record of all the economic transactions between one country and the rest of world in a given period.
Balance of Trade (BoT):- it is a difference between the value of goods exported and the value of goods imported per annum. (BoT is the part of BoT).
- SEZ- Special Economic zones.
- “Rastriya Panchayat” is the name of the Parliament of Nepal.
- Smt Meera Kumar is the speaker of LS.
- “Cuttak” is situated near “Mahanadi ” river.
- “Rend” is the currency of S. Africa .
- “Jayakawadi” Project is on River Narmada in Gujrat and MP State.
- ‘Vijay Ghat’ is the “Samadhi” of Shri Lal Bhadur Shastri.
- Sawai Jai Singh constructed the Junter-Manter of Delhi & Jaipur.
- Mahakaleswar Temple Ujjain
- Dharamshala is the winter capital of Himachal Pradesh.
- “Kandla Port
- “Mumbai” is the business capital of India
- Mumbai is the Hqrs. of Western Railways.
- NH-8 connects Delhi
- NH -2 connects Delhi
- 46 % of total irrigation in India
- National Highways Authority of India and Central Government controls National Highways.
- In Indian there are 7 UTs : 1, Delhi Chandigarh
- Insulation :- the incoming solar radiation on the earth is known as insulation.
- Atmosphere contains 78% of Nitrogen.
- Lithosphere is the uppermost liar of the earth’s crust, which is capable of supporting life is called lithosphere.
- Dachigam wild life sanctuary is in J&K.
- Aanand Bhawan is associated with Jawaharlal Nehru, and situated in Allahabad
- Black Pagoda or Sun Temple or Konark Temple is in Orissa.
- Parliament consists of President of India, LS & RS.
- Sikkim Legislative Assembly have the smallest No. of MLAs (32).
- Art-110 contains the provision of Money Bill.
- Auxims is a growth harmoans of plants
- Cardiac means muscles, found only on the walls of the heart.
- Anemia disease caused due to the deficiency of Hemoglobin.
- An average of 5-6 ltrs of blood is found in human body.
Banking in India
- The RBI was established on 01.04.1935 and nationalized on 01.01.49.
- The Finance Ministry issues currency notes and coins of Rs. one, all other currency notes are issued by the RBI.
- The first bank limited liability managed by Indians was Audit Commercial Bank founded in 1881. Subsequently, PNB was established in 1894.
- Hindustan Bank 1770 by Alexender was the first Bank in India
- Audh Commercial Bank was the first complete commercial bank of India
- The Imperial Bank of India Madras Calcutta Bombay
- The Imperial Bank was nationalized in 1955 on the recommendations of Gorewala Committee and renamed as SBI.
- Before the merger of New Bank of India
Tax System
- The tax system has been divided into two parts:-
i. Tax by Central Government – Custom Duty, Income Tax, Corporate Tax etc.
ii. Tax by State Government – The State Govt. has right to collect all the taxes in this category and to spend them. For e.g. VAT, entertainment Tax etc.
- There are two types of Taxes:-
1. Direct Taxes
2. Indirect Taxes
General Knowledge
- President of Sri lanka - Shri Mahinda Rajapaksa.
- Law & Justice Minister in the Centre is Shri Veerppa Moily.
- President of Iran
- Taliban militant group in active in Afghanistan Pakistan
- Alice Munro won the “Man Booker International Prize for literature in May, 2009.
- Madhav Kumar Nepal Nepal
- ‘Aila’(name of Strom) affected lacks of people in West Bengal .
- Swine Flu by H1N1 virus also name influenza-A.
- Raibairali constituency represents by Smt. Sonia Ghandhi in LS.
- A chessboard has 64 boxes.
- Shri Nirmal Kumar Verma is appointed new Chief of Naval Staff w.e.f 31.08.2009.
- Rozer Federer won the French Open Men’s Title in 2009.
- Koshinikova defeated Dinare Saftin Women’s French Open.
- Kaka of Brazil
- Madras Regiment marked its 250th Anniversary in May 2009.
- President of South Africa
- President of Germany
- INC won 206 LS seats in the last general elections.
- Marina Beach, Chennai is the largest beach in India
- National Pension Scheme has been launched by Pension Fund Regulatory & Development Authority (PFRDA) w.e.f 01.05.2009.
- D. Subba Rao is the Governor of RBI.
- China
- China India Japan
- “India
- PETA- People for Ethical Treatment of Animals.
- NSG -(in India
- NSG -(in world) Nuclear Supplier Group.
- Lhasha is the Capital of Tibet.
- Interpol’s Hqrs. is in Lyon (France
Miscellaneous facts
- General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade (GATT) came into being on 30.10.1947 and started functioning from 01.01.1948.
- On Jan. 01, 1995 , the World Trade Organisation (WTO) took over the place and position of GATT.
- The Hqrs. of WTO is in Geneva , Switzerland
- India
- India China
- The position of India
- The centre receipts maximum net revenue through Excise Duty.
- Central Agmark laboratory is in Nagpur
- Ist cotton industry of India
- Sindri fertilizer factory, Chitranjan Locomotives, integral coaches factory were established during Ist Five Year Plan.
- The largest number of cooperative institutions in in India
- The share of India
- In India Urbanisation is highest in Goa .
- TRIFED- Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India Ltd. in 1987.
- NAFED- National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Ltd.
- Types of loans provided to Indian farmers –
1. Short-term loans - less than 15 months
2. Medium-term loans - 15 months to 5 years
3. Long-term loans - more than 05 years
General Knowledge
- ‘Vision- 20-20’ book by Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam.
- The Sipra path police station, declared the best in the world is in Jaipur, Rajasthan.
- “The future of India
- LPG- Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Mainly contain Butane).
- RS-24 is a new Russian inter-continental ballistic missile.
- The Ganga is the National River of India.
- “Teak” (Tectona Grandis Scientific name) word is used in making cricket bats.
- Joint Coastal awareness security drives (for coastal safeguard) concluded recently at Bhubneswar.
- The Brahmos – is a missile jointly developed by India Russia
- ICICI bank is the Ist Indian bank who set-up its Ist Branch is in Qatar
- The Hqrs. of ISO(International Organization for Standardization) is in Geneva
- ICC Championship 2009 20-20 is going on in England
- John Higgins is the world snooker champion for 2009.
- INJAZ- is world’s first cloned camel.
- Pankaj Advani is a Billiards snooker players.
- Integrated Test Range
- Prithvi-II- 350 kms range, test fired on 15.04.2009.
- Justice KG Balakrishnan is the Chief Justice of India.
- Taliban militant is active in SWAT valley of Pakistan
- DTH – Direct to Home.
- FAO - Food & Agricultural Organisation (Rome
- Valley of flowers is in Utttranchal. It is in the Nanda Devi Sphere Reserve. (Human being is banned here).
- IPL-II Orange cup winner- Mathew Haiden.
- ‘Theophrastus’ is known as father of Botany.
- “Aristotle” is called father of Zoology as well as Biology.
- Anatomy – study of internal structure of organism.
- Epiculture - Rearing of honey-bee for honey.
- Bio-technology – Technology connected with living beings for willful manipulation.
- Clone – Clones are genetically identical individuals in a populations.
- Dermatology: – Study of skin.
- Eugenics :– Study of factors connected with the improvement of race.
- Entomology :– Study of insects.
- Forensic Science: - Application of science for identification of various facts of civilians.
- Fermentation:- Process of incomplete oxidization that occurs in micros and other cells in absence of oxygen, leading to the formation of Ethyl Alcohol.
- Genetics:- Study of variation & transmission of character from parents to their young one’s.
- Genetic Engineering:- Manipulation of genes in order to improve the organism.
- Odontology: - Study of teeth & Gums
- “Chandra Prabha Sanctuary” is in Varanasi
- Dachigam Sanctuary is in J&K.
- Nagarjuna Sagar Multipurpose Project is on River Krishna in Andhra Pradesh.
- Rana Pratap Sagar Dam is on River Chambal.
- Farakka Project - Ganga River West Bengal .
- ‘Aaryabatta’ was the Ist satellite launched by India
- K-2 mountain range is also known as ‘Godwin Austin’ and it is on Karakoram range .
- The Capital of Chattisgarh is Raipur
- Jalep-la-Pass is in Sikkim
- Konkani language is spoken in Goa & Maharashtra.
- “Dal Lake
- Mount Girnar Jain Temple
- “Chilka Lake
- Prem Kumar Dhoomal is the CM of Himachal Pradesh.
- Ramesh Pokhriyaal ‘Nishank’ is the CM of Uttaranchal.
- The term ‘Back John players’ & ‘Front John players’ are used in volleyball.
- The next 20-20 World Cup will be held in West Indies .
- ‘Hinterland’ area from which a port gets most of its exports.
- ‘Isonif’ is an imagery line which shows an area which receives equal amount of snow.
- Oasis is an area in the desert where water is available.
- Deciduous Forest
- ‘Estuary’ - Mouth of a river where tide effects are evident and where fresh water and sea water mixed.
- Mach- Number: - is defined as the ratio of speed of sound source to the speed of sound in the same medium.
- ‘Freon” (CCl2F2) gas acts as refrigerants in fridge.
- In India
- ‘Washing Soda’ is also known as Sodium Carbonate.
- A person who was responsible for Accounts was known as “GOPA” in Mauraya Administration.
- Liberty, Equality & Fternity was the slogan of French Revolution (1789).
- Chandra Gupt-I was the Ist Gupta ruler to assume the title of Maharajadhiraj.
- Gerontology:- Study of old age.
- Gastroenterology:- Study of stomach, intestine & their diseases.
- Hydroponics:- Study of growing plants without soil in water which contains nutrients
- Haematology:- Study of blood.
- Echthyology: - Study of fish.
- Mammography: - Branch of Science which deals with breast cancer.
- Neurology: - Study of nervous system.
- Osmosis:- Movement of water molecule across semi-permeable membrane from the region of its higher concentration to the region of lower concentration.
- R.O.- River Osmosis (for water purifier)
- Osteology: - Study of bones.
- Oncology:- Study of cancer & Turmours.
- Ornithology:- Study of birds.
- Ophthalmology:- study of eyes.
- Phytoplanlkton:- Microscopic organism, which passively float on the surface of water.
- Poikilothermic:- Organism which change their body temperature according to surroundings, these are also known as cold blooded animals.
- Radiology :- Science dealing with the effect of radiation on living beings.
- Saurology :- study of lizards.
- Sphygmology: - Study of pulse & arterial pressure.
-
- Five kingdom classification of living beings, except human beings:-
1. Monera : Exp. Bacteria
2. Protista : Exp. Amiba (one cell)
3. Fungia : Non-green plants
4. Planatae : All green plants
5. Aninalia : Animals
General Studies:-
- World anti-Tobacco day is observed on 31, May.
- World Health Day – 7 April.
- Scientific name of cow :– Bosindicus.
- Scientific name of Rice: - Oryzasativa
- CJI & other judges draw their salary from Consolidated Fund of India.
- Impeachment proceedings are pending against Justice Soumitra Sen.
- IInd Five Year Plan was based on Prof. PC Mahalanobis’s modal.
- Central Vigilance Commissioner: - Shri Pratush Sinha
- IIFA awards: Best actor – Hritik Roshan & Best actress- Prinyka Chopra
- Shri Shanmugam Chetty presented the Ist Union Budget of independent India
- Planning Commission was formed – 1950.
- First Acting President of India
- 24 Seats of J&K fall in PoK & it has two flags (Red & Indian Flag).
- Part-III of the Constitution of India contains Fundamental Rights.
- Fundamental Rights – Part-IV-A.
- ‘Kamal’ (Lotus) is the election symbol of BJP.
- ‘Cycle’ is the election symbol of Telegu Desham Part in South & Samajvadi Party in North.
- ‘Sun’ is the symbol of DMK.
- ‘Right to Live’ cannot be suspended even during emergency.
- Samundra Gupta was the greatest king of Gupta dynasty.
- V.A. Smith called Samundra Gupta as Napoleon of India.
- ‘Shakespeare’ is known as “bard of Avon ”.
- Florence Nightingale is known as lady with the lamp.
- Delhi
- Fundamental Rights are not given to Aliens.
- Vice-President of the USA is Joe Biden.
- There is no provision in the Constitution for the impeachment of the Governor.
- In 1913, any Indian first time awarded with Oscar Award.
- ‘Thar Express’ starts from Barmer, Distt. Rajasthan.
- PM of India
- A.R. Rahmaan has been nominated for 03 categories in ‘Oscar Award’.
- Planning Commission is an extra-Constitutional & non-statutory body.
- Vijay Laxmi Pandit was the only Indian to be elected as President of the UNGA.
- S Chandrashekhar is associated with Astro-physics and he was Noble prize awarded in 1984.
- Bachendri Pal was the Ist Indian woman to scale the Mt. Everest
- Bolometer is used to measure Wave length.
- Tehri Dam is constructed on River Bhilangana/Bhigirathi/Ganga.
- BCG- Bacillus Clematte Guerin, immunization is for TB(Tuber Closis).
Cytology (Study of Cells)
- Cell is the basic structural & functional unit of life.
- The word ‘Cell’ was Ist coined by “Robert Hook” in 1665.
- The ‘smallest cell’ is MycoPlasma Gallisepticum.
- The ‘longest cell’ is “neuron” (for making tissues of brain).
- The ‘Biggest Cell’ is egg of ostrich.
- Lysosome Cells:- it helps in digestion. It is also known as suicidal bag.
- Mitochondria: - it is called Power House of the cell.
- Chloroplasts :- These are green pigment found in green plant involved in photcynthesis. It is known kitchen of the cell.
- Chromosome:- Chromosomes are made up of two chromotides joint together at a point Centromere. Bead like structure found in chromosome is called gene. Genes are made up of DNA, which is the carrier of genetic information from generation to generation.
- DNA(Deoxyribo Nuclelic Acid):- Frederic Meischer was the Ist who isolated DNA from the Nucelus of cells. DNA contains Nucleotides which are made up of 3 components:-
1. Ntrogen base
2. Sugar
3. Phosphate group
- DNA contains genetic information in coded form.
- Ribo Nucleic Acid (RNA):-RNA helps in synthesis of protein.(process of making protein in the body). Excess of protein can damage the kidney. RNA helps to control protein in the body.
- Cell Division: - The process is which Cell increase in their number is Cell Division. It is needed for growth, development and repair of body. There are mainly two kinds of Cell Division: -
1. Mitosis : - Mitosis Cell Division occurs in somatic Cell(Helps to make Choromosome Cells) which take part in growth, repair & development. After Mitosis Cell Division, one cell divided into two daughter Cell in which number of Choromosoem is equal to the parent Cell.
- Uncontrolled mitosis may cause Tumor & Cancerous growth.
2. Meiosis:- Meiosis Cell Division occurs in reproductive cells. In this Cell Div. 04 daughter cells are produced from one Cell Division.
- Gene - Gene is hereditary(transfer parents to children) Unit which is made by a segment of DNA found on the chromosome.
- Mutation- A sudden change in the gene which is heritable from one generation to other.
- Totipotency – It is the potential ability of a plant cell to grow into a complete plant.
- Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) – Manipulation of gene by cutting or joining the segment of DNA to get desired varieties of Organism.
- Autosomes – Cromosomes found in cell, which is responsible for Character are called autosomes.
- Genome – All genes present in a haploid is called genome.
- BT Cotton – its effect on soil & its seeds will not available.
- Turner’s syndrome – it causes lack of secondary charaters. (??)
- Down’s syndromes – in this syndrome, person became mongolism and he is mentally retarded and has irregular physical structure. (when one more chromosome adds with 21th pair of chromosomes).
- Clinefelter syndrome – When a male has an extra X or Y choromosome, it has masculine development but famine development is not completely suppressed.
- Fossils – These are the remains of ancient plants or animals which provide evidences for evolution.
- Charles Darwin explained the evolutionary principal in his book “The origin of species’. The theory proposed by him is popularly known as “Theory of Natural Selection”.
- Jean Lamark – The theory proposed by Lamark is known as theory of inheritance of acquired character.
BOTONY
- “Theophrastus” is called the father of Botony.
- “Thalopghyta” is the largest group of the plant kingdom.
- The study of Fungi is called Mycology.
- Algae – The study of algae is called phycology.
- Pteridophyta is a group of plants which are mostly found in wet shady places, forests & mountains.
- ‘Angiosperm’ plants are those plants in which fruits have seeds.
Virus:-
- Study of Virus is Vivology.
- Virus was discovered by ‘Ivanovsky’ in 1892.
- Virus is of three types:-
1. Plant Virus
2. Animal Virus
3. Bacteriophage Virus
- In human beings virus causes Chicken Pox, Mumps, Hepatitis, Polio and AIDS.
- Bacteria:- It was discovered by Antony Vonleecuweenhoek in 1683.
- Leecuweenhoek is called the father of Bacteriology.
- Louis Pasteur discovered the vaccine of rabies and pasteurization of milk.
- ‘Robert Coach’ discovered the bacteria of Tuberculosis (TB).
- Bacteria are of different types:-
1. Bacillus
2. Round or Cocas
3. Coma shape or Viviro
4. Spirillum
- To preserve milk for many days, pasteurization is done. There are two method of it:-
1. Low temperature holding method.
2. High temperature holding method.
- In Leather industry, separation of hair and fat from leather is done by bacteria. This is called tanning of leather.
- Pickles, syrup is kept in salt or dense liquid of sugar, so that they do not get spoiled soon and can be preserved for long time.
- In the cold storage, objects are kept at low temperature (-10’C to -18’ C).
General Studies
- Uranus planet is about 4 times the size of the Earth.
- The moon is the only satellite of the Earth. It also known as ‘Sea of Tranquility’.
- Geological Survey of India in responsible for the mapping and explorations of minerals.
- Nhava-Shava port is in Maharashtra .
- Dead Sea (Caspian Sea ) is the saltiest sea in the world.
- Elephanta Pass Sri Lanka Elephanta Cave Maharashtra , India
- ‘Strait of Gibraltar Asia from North America .
- Siachin Glacier is in Laddakh area, J&K.
- New York Hudson
- Salaal Hydro-electric project is in J&K.
- Rome
- The boundary of Madhya Pradesh touches, the maximum States.
- International Red Cross Committee was founded in 1863 by J.H. Durand. Its Hqrs. is at Switzerland
- The Hqrs. of the Arab League is in Cairo , Egypt
- SAARC’s Hqrs.- Kathmandu, Nepal.
- Gordan Brown is the Prime Minister of United Kingdom.
- Bill Gates wrote the Book ‘The Road Ahead’.
- ‘Nameshake’ book is written by Jhumpa Lahiri.
- TRAI- Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
- WAP – Wireless Application Protocol.
- WIPRO- West-India Products.
- Leela Ponnapa(IFS) is the Dy/NSA of India
- Pheric Oxide is known as jeweler’s rough.
- Sh. C. Rajagopalachari was the first Indian Governor General of the independent India
- Divide & Rule policy was started and practiced by Viceroy Lord Minto.
- STAR Network consists of a Central Hub through which all the computers are connected.
- Charles Bavege is the father of Computer.
- Sulpher is used in the vulcanization of Rubber.
- Cholesterol is a lipid, which made blockage in the artillery.
- Brass is an alloy of Copper & Zinc.
- Shri K.G. Balakrishnan is the Chief Justice of India.
- Soft soaps are used in saving cream.
- Grape sugar’s another name is glucose.
- Acute diabetes patient smell of Acetone.
- Lord Irwin was the viceroy of India India
- RS has the exclusive power to create an All-India Service.
- The presence of Co2 in the blood accelerates the heart beat.
- Thyrorein & Adrenaline (also control thinking of the brain) are the hormones which controls the heart beat.
- Melanin decides the color of skin.
- Hemodialysis is a process of removal of excess urea from the blood of patient using artificial kidney.
- Lord Clive was the first Governor of Bengal.
- Warren Hasting was the last Governor of Bengal.
- Dr. Nagendra Singh is the First Indian Judge of the International Court of Justice. Shri RS Pathak and Sh. BN Rau were the two other judges of International Court of Justice.
- When the prices of an item or a commodity are decided by the government or any other govt agency and not on the basis of demand and supply such types of prices are called Administered Prices or controlled prices.
- Bank rate- it is the official rate of interest charged by RBI as loans to other banks.
- Capital Market- it is a market for long terms/medium terms loans.
- Cyclical unemployment – it is that phase of employment which appears due to the occurrence of the downwards phases of Trade Cycle. Such an unemployment is reduced or eliminated when the business cycle turns up again.
- Mizoram & Goa have only 40 Members each and Sikkim
- National Children Film Society’s Chairperson is_____________________________.
- Dr. Girija Vyaas is the Chairperson of National women Commission.
- NDMA- Nationa Disaster Management Authority, Hqrs at in Safdarjung Enclave.
- Chairman of NDMA- Prime Minister of India
- Vice-Chairman of NDMA – Sh. N.C.
- Gen(R) JJ Singh is the Governor of Arunanchal Pradesh.
- V. Sampath is appointed new Election Commissioner of India
- Chief Information Commissioner is Rtd Justice Wajahat Habbibulla.
- Article- 312 relates to creation of All-India Services.
- Article – 343-351 relates to official languages.
- NASA- National Aeronautics & Space Administration.
- A Galaxy is a vast system of billions of stars.
- The Speaker of the LS nominates the Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee of Indian Parliament.
- Sh. Surjeet Singh Barnala is the Governor of Tamilnadu.
- Mrs. Prabha Rao is the Governor of HP.
- The first official Language Commission was constituted in 1955 with B.G. Kher as the Chairman.
- During the tenure of Lord Irwin, the Resolution of Complete Independence (1929) was passed by the Congress.
- Chandra Shekhar Azad organized the “Hindustan Socialist Republican Army”.
- Uddham Singh killed General O’ Dyer, who was responsible for Jaliianwala Bagh tragedy.
- Fasting is the most effective measure against injustice adopted by Gandhiji.
- Raaj Rajeswar Temple Tanjore , TN
- Nizumuuddin Auliya was the sufi saint with whom Gyassuddin Tuqlak had enemity.
- The Title of Vikramaditya was assumed by Chandragupta-II.
- CAPART- Council for Advancement of People’s Action and Rural Technology.(Hqrs at India Habitat Centre, New Delhi
- NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (Hqrs. at Brussels , Belgium
- HPL is establishing an oil refinery at Bhatinda, Punjab .
- Mehsana breed of Baffalo is found mainly in Guzrat.
- Denmark
- Lighting occurs when strong opposite charges in different clouds breaks down the resistance offered by intervening airs.
- Small amounts of iodine are necessary in our diet to compensate for under activity of Thyroid Gland.
- Charles Darwin gave the law of Natural Selection.
- Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru said “Everything else can wait, but not agriculture”.
- India Malaysia
- Siana Nehwaal is associated with Badminton.
- The 2010 World Cup football Tournament will be held in South Africa
- Farooq Engineer became the Ist Indian to win man of the match in one-day world cup cricket-1975.
- Tim Berners Lee is considered as the inventor of World Wide Web (www.)
- Sri Harikota Satellite Launching Statoin is in Andhra Pradesh.
- Right to Life cannot be suspended even during Emergency.
- Angila Markel is the Chancellor of Germany.
- Chamba town in HP has completed 1000 years of its istablishment.
- Plant Morphology: The study of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits etc is called morphology.
- Root are of 2 types :-
1. Tape root
2. Adventious root
- Modifications of tape roots are :-
(i) conical - Carrot
(ii) Napiform - Turnip
(iii) Fusi form - Radish
-
|
1. Tuber - Potato2. Corn - Saffron
3. Bulb - Onion, Garlic
4. Rhizome - Turmeric, Ginger
Leaf:- It is green. Its main function is to make food through photosynthesis.
Flower:- This is the re-productive part of the plant.
Fertilization: - Pollen tubes reaches the embryo after entering into the orule through a pore. After that a mole nucleus fuse with egg cell. This is called fertilization. Fertilized egg is called Zygote.
Androeciumt is male sex organ and gynoecium is female sex organ in flowers of plant.
Fruits are divided into three type:-
1. Simple fruits - Banana, guava etc
2. Aggregate fruits (Combined) - Strawberry, custard apple
3. Composite fruits - Jack fruit, Mulberry
Some fruit and their edible parts:-
Fruits/cereals - edible parts
1. Apple - Fleshy thalamus
2. Mango - Mesocarp
3. Guava - Entire fruit
4. Grapes - Pericarp & Placenta
5. Coconut - Endosperm
6. Wheat - Starchy Endosperm
7. Orange
General Studies
- Ethylene is the only hormone which is found in Gaseous form.
- The world’s first mouse with a full human Chromosome was created in UK
- Rahmatulla Cup is associated with Badminton.
- Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering – Bhopal
- IIIrd battle of Panipat was fought between Maratha and Ahmad Shah Abdhali in 1761.
- Justice(Rted) Wajahat Habibullah is Chief Information Commissioner.
- Aatmiya Samaj was founded by Raja Ram Mohan Rai.
- Nadir Shah attacked on India
- Saudi Arabia
- The maximum number of Members in Legislative Assembly of a State in India
- Mr. Allen Octavian Hume (A.O. Hume) was the founder of Indian National Congress (INC).
- Mahadev Hills are situated in M.P.
- Maxico (North American Country) is the largest producer of silver in the world.
- National Authority Chemical Weapons Convention’s Chairman is Dr. Prajapati Dewedi.
- China
- Punjab has the highest percentage of SC population (29%) in India
- As per the 2001 Census of India, 35 cities are million cities in India
- Tech Mahindra has acquired Satyam computers.
- First President of USA was George Washington.
- John Marshal was the first Englishman who translated BhagwatGita into English.
- Gadar Party founded by Lala Hardayal at San Francisco , USA
- The Pala Rulers (Orrisa) of eastern India
- The Vice-President of India is impeached if a Resolution to this effect is passed by Rajya Sabha & agreed to by Lok Sabha.
- Hindustan Socialist Republic
- Mrs. Annie Besant served twice as president of the INC.
- Sister Nivedita was the most famous woman disciple of Swami Vivekanand.
- Narender Dutt was the original name of Swami Vivekanand.
- Tashkent Uzbekistan India Pakistan
- Subsidiary Alliance
- Satendra Nath Banerjee was the Ist ICS.
- Rama Krishna Mission was started by Swami Vivekanand.
- Cleimant Attlee (Labour Party) was the PM of Britain India
- “Padmavat” (Padmavati) book is written by Malik Mohammad Jayasi.
- The battle of Palasi was fought in 1757.
- Akbar had got constructed the Buland Darwaza to commemorate his victory of Guzrat in Fatehpur Sikri, Agra
- Shri Nirmal Kumar Verma is the new chief of Naval Staff.
- Navin Patnaik is the CM of Orrisa.
- P.K. Chamling in the CM of Sikkim
- Nehru Institute of Mountaineering is in Uttarkashi, Uttaranchal.
- “Aastra” missile is Air-to-Air Missile.(in development stage)
- Samajwadi Party is the largest party in the 15th Lok Sabha.
- World Population Day – July 11.
- Kariya Munda is the Dy. Speaker of the LS.
- Nokia – Finland
- In the World’s Green Index, Indian have been judged as the greenest people.
- Kapil Sibbal is the Union HRD Minister.
- Sifgmomenometer - Measurement of Blood Pressure
- ECG (Electro Cardiogram) - Heart & Pulses
- EEG (Electro Insepholograph) - Human mind
- CT-Scan - Computerized Tomographic Scanning
- NMR - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Weight of Human mind – 1200 to 1400 gm
- Main part of the Human mind –
- 1. Serebram
2. Serebelam
3. Mendula Oblogenta
- Less populated Country - Vatican City
- Most populated country - China
- Total Country - 194 (192 + 67 =261)
- Biggest country - Russia
- Smallest country - Vatican City
- Smallest republic - Naru
- Smallest Colony - Zibalter
- Most populated city - Shanghai , China
- Vijender Kumar (Boxing), Sushil Kumar (Wrestler) & Mary Com (Boxing) have been nominated for Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award-2009.
- Kaiga Atomic Power Plant in situated in Karnataka.
- Aaurangzeb appointed maximum number of Hindu Officers.
- Kerala is largest producer of ‘Rubber’ in India
- Calcuim Sulphate is used for applying plasters by the Doctor & Sculptors.
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre is in Trombay, Mumbai.
- Chief of Army Staff – Gen Deepak Kapoor.
- BRIC – Brazil Russia India China Russia
- Southern Rhodesia was the old name of Zimbabwe
- Setu Samundram Project connects gulf of Mannar with Palk bay (India-Srilanka)
- Nagarjuna Sagar Dam/Project is on the Krishna River
- President of Russia
- China
- Sri Harikota Space Launching Centre is in Andhra Pradesh.
- Gen. J.J. Singh is the Governor of Arunchal Pradesh.
- Spring tides occur when the son, earth & moon are in straight line in universe.
- Srimavo Bhandarnayake was the Ist woman PM in the world.
- “Thumba Rocket Launching Centre” is in Kerala.
- Yarkhoyansk, Siberia is the coldest place on the earth.
- National Institute of Nutrition
- National Institute of Ayurveda
- National Institute of Naturopathy Maharashtra
- Central Instt . of Indian Languages - Mysore
- Central Instt . of Foreign Languages - Hydrabad
- Nephrologist is specialist of Kidney diseases.
- Oculist is the specialist of eyes.
- ‘Pokhran’ is in Rajasthan, where India
- ‘Suman Sharma’ became the Ist woman to fly MIG-35 Russian Aircraft.
- UNO has fixed target for ‘Education for all’ till the year 2015.
- World Terrorism Day - Sept 27
- International Literacy Day - Sept 08
- The National Science Day - Feb 28
- Stepas(ear) is the smallest bone of the human body.
- ELISA test is carried out for the detection of AIDS.
- Contingency Fund of India is operates by President of India.
- The first speaker of LS, against whom a Motion of No Confidence was moved in the LS was Shri Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar.
- Hydro-Carbon Vision 2025 is related to storage of petroleum products.
- NABARD is the apex (Biggest) institution in the sphere of Agriculture Credit.
- Baddruddin Taiyabji was the Ist Muslim President of INC.
- ‘Hind Swaraj’ book is written by Mahatma Gandhiji.
- The next Summit of G-20 will be held in Pitsberg , USA
- Central Food Technological Research Centre –
- In India Diamond Mines are in Panna, MP.
- ‘Kausani’ in Himachal Pradesh is known as Switzerland of India.
- Karnataka is the leading producer of Coffee in India
- Gokak Falls
- “Kolar Mines’ of gold is in Karnataka.
- Sri Rangapattam is the capital of Tipu Sultan.
- ‘Satya Mev Jayate’ is taken from Mundaka Upnishad.
- Carbon Mono Oxide(CO) causes maximum air pollution.
- The concept of Sales Tax was the innovasion of C. Rajagopalachari.
- “Aanathapura’ District of Karnataka is famous for Gold mines.
- ‘Kolar’ District is also famous for Gold mines.
- “Green House effect’ causes Air pollution.
- Kurushetra, Hariyana, Punjab is famous for battle of Mahabharata.
- Japan
- Methyene is the main constituent of ‘Gobar Gas’.
- “Talvandi”, Lahore
- “Neptha” is used for dry-cleaning of cloths.
- Dr. Vijay Mallaya is the chairman of Kingfisher airlines.
- “Diago Garcia” is the most important US-Military Airbase in the Indian ocean .
- “Beetles” make a clicking sound.
- Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy
- Ozone is found in Stratosphere liar.
- Shri M.K. Narayanan is the National Security Adviser of India.
- Deep Joshi has been awarded Raman Megasaysay Award-2009 in the field of Social development.
- SBI has the largest Branches in the world.
- Shri Suresh Tendulkar is the Chairman of the Economic Council of PM.
- Madhav Kumar Nepal Nepal
- The last NRI Conference was held in Chennai in Jan. 2009. Ramdin Swarjay(The Vice-President of Surinaam) was the Chief Guest.
- The salary of CJI is 1 lakh.
- First e-court has been established in City Civil & Session Court, Ahmadabad
- 96th Indian Science Congress was held in Shillong, Meghalaya.
- G.V. Mavlankar was the Ist LS speaker against whom No Confidence Motion was introduced.
- Harijan Sevak Samaj(1932) estt. By Mahatma Gandhi in Pune.
- Dada Bhai Nauraji, set-up East Indian Association in London
- India
- Veer Bhoomi is the Samadhi of Rajiv Gandhi.
- Mahatma Gandhi’s alternative name was the ‘Enlightened One’.
- Scientist Nagarjuna is known as Indian Einstein.
- Battle of Buxer was fought in 1764 AD between joint forces of Muslims and Britishers.
- Lord Chelmsford constituted Calcutta University Commission under the Chairmanship of Michael Sandler in 1917.
- Hiralal J. Kania was the first CJI.
- Velur Math – Swami Vivekanand, Kolkata.
- Cockroach has 13 heart chambers.
- Reptiles are cold-blooded animals.
- Low blood pressure is known as Diastolic (80-)
- ECS- Electronic Clearance Scheme.
- Maitri Express Train runs between Kolkata & Dhaka.
- Buxa Tiger Project is in West Bengal .
- Mahatma Gandhi represented Congress in IInd Round-table Conference.
- Kokan State Goa .
- PM Dr. Manmohan Singh represents Aasam in RS.
- In Chess board there are 64 blocks.
- Hydrogen Bomb works on the principle of Nuclear Fusion.
- A myopic person can see the mere objects clearly while far object are not clear.
- Gandhiji went Souoth Africa in 1893.
- Gopal Krishna Gandhi is the Governor of W. Bengal.
- Under Art -312 all-india Services can be created by RS only.
- Art-352 is relates to National Emergency.
- Psunami is a large and high sea-wave caused by an earthquake originating on the sea-bed.
- Oasis area in the desert where water is available is known as oasis.
- Eskimos are found in Greenland .
- Greenland is in Denmark Greenland .
- Morris are the tribes of Newsland.
- Chakrata Army base is in Dehradun, Uttaranchal.
- 38 Parallel line separates N. Korea & South Korea.
- ‘Shahi Chasma’ is in Srinagar
- Victoria Memorial is in Kolkata, WB.
- Kriti Stambh is in Chittorgarh, Raj.
- Kochin is famous for ship building.
- Excess of blood causes___________________________
- Goa is the winner of 63rd Santosh Trophy 2009 in Football after defeated Bengal .
- Rajnath Singh is the President of BJP.
- Ayatollah Ali Khamenei is the supreme leader of Iran
- Tulsi is very useful for prevention of Swine Flu.
- Arun Jaitley is the leader of opposition in RS.
- Ram Pradhan Committee was constituted for investigation in Mumbai Terror attacks- 2008.
- Raghvan Committee was formed by SC for prevention of Ragging.
- International festival of films & Tribal Arts and Culture was held in Bhopal
- 15th NAM
- Ishwar Chand Vidhyasagar started “Som Prakash’ newspaper.
- ‘Dandi Durga’ laid the foundation of Rashtrakuta Empire.
- D. Subba Rao is the Governor of RBI.
- Jawahar Lal Nehru was the chairman of Union Constitution Committee.
- “Spanish’ is the official language of Chille , Colombia Cuba
- ‘Al-Hilal’ journal was started by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad(1912).
- Theodore Naimen invented LASER.(Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation)
- Damodar River is known as sorrow of Bengal .
- Maldives is in the Indian Ocean .
- PoP(Plaster of Paris
- Jaundice affects liver.
- Borders of Sikkim touch with Nepal , Bhutan & China
- The maximum expenditure of the Govt of India is on the interest payment.
- RBI was estt. in 1935 and nationalized in 1949.
- UP is the largest producer of wheat in India
- Inflation causes benefit to debtor.
- Eizol is the capital of Mizorum.
- Lord Carzon divided the Bengal in two parts in 1905 (West & East Bengal).
- In 1585, Akbar transferred his capital to Lahore
- Subash Chander Bose formed ‘Forward Bloc’ in 1939 after leaving Congress.
- Al-Bureni wrote Kitab-ul-hind.
- Art-17 relates to prevention of Untouchability.
- Estimates Committee has the members of LS only.
- Andhra Pradesh is the largest producer of Tabacoo.
- The only floating Zoo of India is in Keibul Lango, Manipur.
- Locktock Hydro Electric Project is in Manipur.
- Ist Women Summit of NAM has taken place in Sharam-El-Sheikh, Ezypt, July, 2009.
- Bharati Shivaji is associated with Mohinattam Dance.
- “SuctPitak’ is the collection of Mahatma Buddha’s sermons.
- Diana Mendoza is the Miss Universe of 2008.
- Sunfeast Open is related to Long-tennis.
- Virender Sehwag, Donald Bradman & Brian Lara scold Triple centuries twice.
- Marle-Minto Reforms is also known as Indian council’s Act-1909.
- Salt Movement & Dandhi Yatra was started because of ban on Congress.
- Only Parliament can remove President & Vice-President of India
- President is the constituted head of India
- Gandhiji started IInd Civil Disobedience movement in 1932.
- Dev Rai-II was the Emperor of Vijay Nagar when Abdur Razak visited Hampi, Karnataka.
- INTUC- Lala Lajpat Rai was the Ist Chairman of INTUC-1920.
- Rihind Valley Project is in UP.
- If a person suffering from colour blindness he cannot differ Red & Green.
- Nuclear poly-hydrile Virus controls the diseases in Cotton, Gram, Arhar, Soyabean etc.
- Rs. 5 lakh is given to a Dhyan Chand Awardee and Rs. 7 lakh to Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Awardee.
- Sushil Kumar, Vijender Kumar, MariCom have been awarded Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna for the year 2009.
- Mumbai defeated UP in the final of Ranji Cricket Trophy 2009.
- National Environment Research Institute- Nagpur Maharashtra .
- Lord Carzon Divided Bengal into two parts in 1905.
- USA India
- Arawali & Vindhya range of Mountains is in Plateau of Malwa.
- Advocate General is the highest law officer in a State, whereas Attorney General (G.E. Vahanvati) is the highest law officer in India
- Guljari Lal Nanda remained acting PM of India
- President of India
- Administrators of UTs are responsible to the President of India.
- S. Radhakrishnan was the Ist Chairman of RS.
- When Mrs. Indira Gandha became PM in 1965, she was a Member of RS
- ‘Megansthenese’ was Ambassador of Greek ruler Selukas Nikator(Army General of Sikendar), sent to the court of ChandraGupta Mauruya. And he wrote the book Indica.
- Carpenter was the most important craftsman in the Vedic Period.
- “Saint Thomas
- The old name of the Patna
- Raja Raja Chola constructed the Shiva Temple
- Chandragupta Maurya-I was the Ist national ruler of India
- The Jatakas Kathaya are a collection of stories pertaining to several earlier births of the Lord Buddha.
- Ashvagosha was a contemporary of Kaniska.
- Residuary Powers under the Constitution are given to the Union Parliament.
- Governor of a state administers the oath of Office to a Judge of High Court.
- The President of India is the Supreme Commander of Indian Forces.
- Luxdeep is the smallest UT of India.
- Malayalam is the principal language of Luxdeep.
- Union Petroleum Minister – Murli Devra.
- The USA
- Todas Tribes lives in Neelgiri Hills, Tamilnadu.
- “K2 ” (Mount Godwin Austin) is the highest peak of India
- Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore is a Riffle shooting player.
- A winner of Dhyan Chand Awardee gets Rs. 5 lakh as prize money.
- Godavary is also known as Dakshin Ganga & Budhi Ganga.
- Khasi & Jaintia Hills are in Meghalaya.
- The southern part of India
- An electric fan converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
- Nichrone (Nickel + Chromium) is used in electric Heaters & Irons.
- A phonograph is used to record the sound.
- The density of water is maximum at 4oC.
- Jupiter is the largest planet.
- Planet Mercury moves fastest around the sun.
- RADAR is used for tracking & locating the position of a moving object in Space.
- The world’s Ist artificial satellite was Sputnic-I, launched by Russia
- Copernicus established first time the fact that the earth revolves around the Sun.
- Raindrops acquire spherical shape due to Surface tension.
| 1. | President of | Smt Pratibha Devi Singh Patil |
| 2. | Prime Minister of | Dr. Manmohan Singh |
| 3. | Finance Minister | Pranab Mukherjee |
| 4. | Raksha Mantri | AK |
| 5. | Home Minister | P Chidambaram |
| 6. | Minister of External Affairs | SM Krishna |
| 7. | NSA | Shiv Shankar Menon |
| 8. | PS to PM | TKA Nair |
| 9. | Cab Secretary | KM Chandrasekhar |
| 10. | Army Chief | Gen. VK Singh |
| 11. | Naval Chief | Admiral Nirmal Kumar |
| 12. | Air Chief | ACM PV Naik |
| 13. | Home Secy | GK Pillai |
| 14. | Defence Secy | Pradeep Kumar |
| 15. | Smt Nirupama Rao | Foreign Secretary |
| 16. | DIB | Rajiv Mathur |
| 17. | JIC Chairman | H Upadhyay |
| 18. | Secretary, R&AW | KC Verma |
| 19. | Chairman, NTRO | KVSS Prasad Rao |
| 20. | Chairman, DRDO | Saraswat |
| 21. | Chairman, ISRO | K. Radhakrishnan |
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